This practice note provides an overview of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), highlighting its key provisions, advantages, and limitations. The objective is to inform readers about the practical implications of using the CISG in international sales contracts.
This practice note provides an overview of the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), outlining its objectives, key principles, advantages, and challenges. It aims to equip readers with a clear understanding of GATS’s role in global trade and its implications for policy and business.
This practice note provides an overview of global electronic signature compliance, highlighting jurisdictional differences, key challenges, and best practices for international commercial agreements.
This practice note explores the most secure forms of payment in international trade, comparing their advantages, typical use cases, and providing practical examples. The most secure payment methods are cash in advance and letters of credit, which offer strong protection for sellers and buyers respectively. Choosing the right payment method depends on the level of trust between parties, transaction value, and market risk.
This practice note explores the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947, its key principles, and how these continue to influence international commercial contracts today. It highlights practical implications for contract negotiation under the legacy of GATT and the WTO framework.
This practice note provides an overview of the key World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements established in 1995 and explores their practical implications for commercial contracts today. It highlights how these agreements influence contract negotiation, compliance, and dispute resolution in international trade.
This practice note provides an overview of the TRIPS Agreement, highlighting its key features and the significant impact it has on modern contracts, especially in cross-border and technology-related agreements. It also discusses the practical implications for licensing, technology transfer, and dispute resolution, with a focus on compliance and risk management.
This practice note explores the impact of international sanctions on technology transfer deals, highlighting the challenges and risks faced by companies engaged in cross-border transactions. It covers the disruption of legitimate trade, illicit transfers, and the evolving geopolitical landscape shaping these deals.
This practice note explores the scope and impact of the New York Convention (1958) on international contracts, focusing on arbitration enforcement and dispute resolution. It highlights key provisions, practical implications, and evolving challenges in cross-border commercial agreements.
This practice note examines the Rome Convention of 1980 and its successor, the Rome I Regulation of 2008, focusing on their impact on international contracts. It highlights key similarities, differences, and practical implications for businesses engaged in cross-border transactions.
This practice note explores the critical challenges and strategies for managing currency fluctuations and payment terms in global trade, with a focus on South African businesses. It provides actionable recommendations to mitigate foreign exchange risks and optimize contract terms for better financial stability.
This practice note provides a comprehensive overview of the various types of letters of credit (LCs), their key features, and practical guidance on when to use each type. It aims to assist businesses, especially those involved in international trade, in selecting the appropriate LC to mitigate risks and ensure smooth transactions.
This practice note explores how multinational corporations and local partners can balance risk in international deals by addressing regulatory, financial, operational, and reputational challenges. It provides practical tools and best practices to ensure equitable risk-sharing and sustainable partnerships across borders.
This practice note provides an overview of the key data protection and cybersecurity obligations organizations face in cross-border agreements, highlighting regulatory frameworks and practical compliance challenges. It aims to equip readers with essential insights to navigate the complex landscape of international data transfers and security requirements.
This practice note addresses the scope of arbitration challenges and enforcement issues when sanctions affect international contracts. It highlights key risks and drafting strategies to mitigate sanctions-related disruptions in arbitration proceedings.
This note focuses on identifying and mitigating risks associated with trade-based money laundering through targeted contractual safeguards. It provides practical tools and strategic insights to enhance compliance and protect commercial integrity.
This practice note focuses on the strategic use of Incoterms 2020 to manage and allocate risks in complex international trade transactions. It provides advanced insights and practical tools for negotiators to optimize risk transfer, insurance, and compliance in multi-jurisdictional contexts.
This practice note focuses on integrating Supply Chain Finance (SCF) and Receivables Discounting mechanisms into international contracts to improve liquidity and manage payment risks. It provides practical guidance and model clauses to address key contractual considerations in cross-border financing arrangements.
This practice note focuses on the risks and challenges that arise in international contracts due to differing rules on IP exhaustion and parallel imports. It explains how these variations can affect the control of product resale and importation across borders, potentially impacting pricing, compliance, and supply chain integrity.
This practice note focuses on the critical alignment between customs valuation and transfer pricing frameworks to mitigate risks of double taxation and compliance disputes. It highlights key contractual safeguards and practical steps for multinationals to harmonize these regimes effectively.